An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and output devices only receive the output of data from another device.
Most devices are only input devices or output devices, as they can only accept data input from a user or output data generated by a computer. However, some devices can accept input and display output, and they are referred to as I/O devices (input/output devices).
For example, as you can see in the top half of the image to the right, a keyboard sends electrical signals, which are received by the computer as input. Those signals are then interpreted by the computer and displayed, or output, on the monitor as text or images. In the lower half of the image, the computer sends, or outputs, data to a printer, which will print the data onto a piece of paper, also considered output.
What Is A Operating System
An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and frequently makes system calls to an OS function or is interrupted by it. Operating systems are found on many devices that contain a computer – from cellular phones and video game consoles to web servers and supercomputers.
The dominant desktop operating system is Microsoft Windows with a market share of around 82.74%. macOS by Apple Inc. is in second place (13.23%), and the varieties of Linux are collectively in third place (1.57%).[3] In the mobile (including smartphones and tablets) sector, Google android's share is up to 70% in the year 2017. According to third quarter 2016 data, Android's share on smartphones is dominant with 87.5 percent with also a growth rate of 10.3 percent per year, followed by Apple's iOS with 12.1 percent with per year decrease in market share of 5.2 percent, while other operating systems amount to just 0.3 percent. Linux distributions are dominant in the server and supercomputing sectors. Other specialized classes of operating systems, such as embedded and real-time systems, exist for many applications.
What Is A Software
Computer software, or simply software, is a kind of programs that enable a user to perform some specific task or used to operate a computer. It directs all the peripheral devices on computer system - what to do and how to perform a task. PC Software plays a role of mediator between user and computer hardware. Without Software, a user can’t perform any task in digital computer.
A computer system can be divided into three components: the hardware, the software and the users. Software can be further divide into mainly two parts: Application software and System Software. Bare use of hardware is not easy, so to make it easy software is created.
Type of Software
Software has mainly divided into two Categories: Application software and System software.
What Is Application Software
Applications software also called end-user programs or simply an app. It is resides above system software. Applications software is used by end user for specific purpose. It is a programmed for simple as well as complex tasks. It either be installed or access online. It can be a single program or a group of small programs that is referred to as an application suite.
Application software can be used by user to complete Specific tasks, such as creating word processors documents, spreadsheets, Presentation, Graphics, CAD/CAM, sending email etc.
What Is A System Software
System Software (type of computer program) provides a platform to run computer’s hardware and computer application to utilize system resources and solve their computation problem. It is written in a low-level language, like assembly language so it can easily interact with hardware with basic level. It control working of peripheral devices .System software act as a scheduler for the execution of the processes and arrange the sequence according to their priority and I/O devices requirement and creation of process. The best-known example of system software is the operating system (OS). It responsible to manages all the other programs in a computer.
Operating system creates an interface between user and hardware and also in application software and hardware. examples of software are Windows 7, Windows XP and Windows 10.
Generally user does not interact with the System Software directly. The user interacts with the GUI created by System Software. Through this GUI user interact with applications installed in system.
